Moving files and folders is one of the most basic operations you'll need to conduct on a Linux system. You can move or transfer files using the given GUI in any system, but you might be curious if the terminal has a command that allows you to move files to different directories swiftly. The mv ... Read more
You are using a Postfix mail server, and your system started sending masses of spam emails? The following guide will show you how to narrow down how spam is sent by inspecting emails in the mail queue. To use the postcat command in Postfix to find out who has sent an email that is currently ... Read more
To check if a file is empty in a Bash script, you can use the "-s" test, which returns true if the file exists and has a size greater than zero. If you want to check if a file is empty, you would use the "!" (not or negate) operator with "-s" to negate the ... Read more
You can use the following script to create a directory like /home/user in a Bash script only if it does not already exist. This script checks if the directory exists, and if not, it creates it: #!/bin/bash # Define the directory path DIR="/home/user" # Check if the directory does not exist if [ ! -d ... Read more
To redirect both the output and the errors of a Bash command to /dev/null, you can use the following syntax: command > /dev/null 2>&1 Here's what this command does: ">" is the redirection operator. It redirects the standard output (stdout) of "command" to a specified file. In this case, the file is "/dev/null". "/dev/null" is ... Read more
You need root privileges to empty the root user's crontab on Linux. You can achieve this by either logging in as the root user or using `sudo` if your user has sudo privileges. The crontab can be emptied (i.e., all cron jobs for the root user can be deleted) by running the following command: sudo ... Read more
Django is a free and open source Python web framework used for developing dynamic websites and applications. It is used for developing complex and database-driven Python applications. Django follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture, which allows developers to write less code and create a new website in a short time. Django can be installed on any ... Read more
Since Debian 10, the Debian Linux distribution uses systemd to control the starting and stopping of services, and Systemd also controls the whole boot and shutdown process of the operating system. The consequence of switching from init.d to Systemd is that some commands to stop or restart Debian, like 'shutdown -h now' or 'reboot' do ... Read more
Windows users are used to being able to create shortcuts to have fast access to their files and folders easily. This is especially useful when these are buried deep in their filesystem. This feature isn't as obvious on most Linux systems as it is on Windows. In this guide, I'll show you how to create ... Read more
This guide will show you step-by-step how to requeue emails in Postfix on Linux. I've been using these steps on my Debian and Ubuntu mail servers, but they should work on other Linux distributions like CentOS, Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux too. Requeue Email in Postfix Access the Linux System: Log in to the Linux system ... Read more