The current status of a Linux software raid is written to the virtual file /proc/mdstat. You can view the status on the shell easily with the cat command: cat /proc/mdstat The output will look similar to this: Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 726266432 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 ... Read more
If a process is shown with process state "D" in tools like ps or top, then it's an uninterruptable process. Example: ps axl | grep D F UID PID PPID PRI NI VSZ RSS WCHAN STAT TTY TIME COMMAND 4 104 2579 9109 20 0 5024 2116 refrig D ? 0:00 cleanup -z -t unix ... Read more
This short tutorial describes the steps to optimize the performance of a MySQL database with the mysqltuner script. This tool can be used for MySQL and MariaDB. Install mysqltuner The mysqltuner High-Performance MySQL Tuning Script is available as a package on Debian 10 and Ubuntu 20.04, install it with at: sudo apt install mysqltuner For ... Read more
Sometimes you might want to block connects to your server by IP address. E.g. when someone tries to attack your system. This can be done in several different ways, e.g. with iptables (firewall) rules or by setting up a reject route. Reject access with Linux route command Using iptables sometimes causes conflicts with installed firewalls ... Read more
When working on the command line in Linux, you may want to know how much time a particular command has taken (from start to finish). If you are new to Linux and looking for a way to do this, you will be pleased to learn that there is a command-line tool that does exactly what ... Read more
This short guide shows you how to get a list of all installed Packages on Debian Linux. Packages on Debian get installed with the apt package installer. We will use the dpkg command, which is part of the apt toolset, to query the installed packages database. Get all installed Debian packages dpkg --get-selections As you ... Read more
Sometimes it is necessary to limit the download rate of the wget command, e.g. when you are downloading a large file over a slow internet connection. Wget Command Download Limit The parameter to apply a download speed limit is the --limit-rate option. This setting is followed by the rate limit plus "k" for Kbit or ... Read more
Jailkit is an easy-to-use tool to create and maintain jail environments for shell users on Linux. In this guide, I will show you how to move PHP and its dependencies into the jail so that the jailed user can execute PHP scripts inside the jail on an ISPConfig server. Edit the jailkit .ini file and ... Read more
The Linux TigerVNC Server provides a command to set a new password. Set VNC Password The command is "vncpasswd", the password is stored in encrypted form into the file ~/.vnc/passwd of the home directory of the user. Run: vncpasswd to set a new password for the currently logged-in user. The command will then prompt for the ... Read more
This guide shows you how to kill an unresponsive OpenVZ container in case the normal stop procedure fails. Killing the container will not delete any files or remove the container, it just kills all processes so that you can start or restart the container again when it gets stuck. I will use container ID 101 ... Read more