This short guide shows you how to get a list of all installed Packages on Debian Linux. Packages on Debian get installed with the apt package installer. We will use the dpkg command, which is part of the apt toolset, to query the installed packages database. Get all installed Debian packages dpkg --get-selections As you ... Read more
Jailkit is an easy-to-use tool to create and maintain jail environments for shell users on Linux. In this guide, I will show you how to move PHP and its dependencies into the jail so that the jailed user can execute PHP scripts inside the jail on an ISPConfig server. Edit the jailkit .ini file and ... Read more
It is important to keep your Linux server up to date with security updates. Linux distributions like Ubuntu and Debian release updates on a daily basis, so keeping the system up-to-date can become a tedious task. Fortunately, there is an option to install security updates automatically. Here are the steps to enable automatic security updates ... Read more
This tutorial shows you how to solve the RoundCube webmail error message: config.inc.php was not found. on an ISPConfig Debian server that uses Nginx as the web server. Solution RoundCube webmail is accessed on an ISPConfig Nginx web server through the apps vhost. The PHP-FPM of the apps vhost is running under the user and group ... Read more
This tutorial shows you how to use redirect rules in the Apache web server. If you want to redirect a subdomain like sub.domain.tld into a subdirectory of the website and keep the original URL in the browser location bar, you may use the following apache directive. RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^sub.domain.tld [NC] RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /sub/$1 ... Read more
There is no simple 'tolower' command on the bash, but you can convert uppercase characters to lowercase with a little shell script. The script uses the tr command internally for converting the chars. Create a shell script with the name 'tolower' that converts all text that is given as a command-line argument to lower case: ... Read more
If you experience problems with slow logins in pure-ftpd, this is often caused by a problem with the resolving of the client's hostname. This happens e.g. when you run an FTP server in your intranet and the hostname of the client computer does not exist in DNS. Disable PureFTPD name resolver To disable name resolving ... Read more
To turn on verbose logging (e.g. to debug FTP connection or authentication problems) in pure-ftpd FTP server on Debian and Ubuntu Linux. Enable debug log in pure-ftpd Execute the following command as root user in the shell to enable verbose logging: echo 'yes' > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/VerboseLog and then restart pure-ftpd, for init based systems: service pure-ftpd-mysql ... Read more
One way to create a backup of a MySQL database on the shell is to use the mysqldump command. Mysqldump creates a dump of the database in form of sql commands, which can be easily restored using the mysql command or PHPMyAdmin. Backup a MySQL Database mysqldump -u root -p mydatabase > /tmp/backup_mydatabase.sql This command ... Read more
Fail2ban uses iptables by default to block incoming connections when they exceed the max. login retries. The iptables rules used by fail2ban might conflict with other firewall rules, so it might be necessary to reconfigure fail2ban to use the route command for blocking incoming connections. Fail2ban ban using route command To reconfigure fail2ban for using ... Read more