To start Postfix service at boot on a Linux system using the systemctl command, you can use the following steps. First, open a terminal window or connect to your server by SSH. Check the status of the Postfix service (optional but useful to ensure it's installed): sudo systemctl status postfix Enable the Postfix service to ... Read more
php_admin_value and php_value are directives used in PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) configuration, often seen in context with web server setups like Apache or Nginx. They are used to set values for PHP's configuration directives e.g. in a PHP-FPM pool file or in the Apache server configuration. This is an alternative to changing PHP settings in ... Read more
In Postfix configuration, particularly on Debian and Ubuntu systems, you might come across terms like "submission" and "submissions" when looking into the Postfix /etc/postfix/master.cf file. This article explains the differences and use cases for both ports. Postfix Submission Port 587 This is the standard port for email submission as defined by the Internet Message Access ... Read more
The world of Linux is diverse, Linux distributions using different package management systems. RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) and Debian's DEB are two of the most common package formats. Occasionally, users of Debian-based systems might need to install software that's only available in the RPM format. This guide covers converting RPM packages to DEB format, ... Read more
Linux offers a powerful tool for file transfer on the shell: the FTP command. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol for transferring files between a client and server on a computer network. This article shows how to use the Linux FTP command to upload and download files using the Linux command-line interface, ... Read more
Winmail.dat files are a unique file format utilized primarily by Microsoft Outlook. These files serve as containers for attachments sent through emails formatted in rich-text. This format can cause compatibility issues, particularly when users of non-Microsoft email clients, such as those on Linux systems, receive attachments. What is a Winmail.dat File? When an Outlook user ... Read more
Moving files and folders is one of the most basic operations you'll need to conduct on a Linux system. You can move or transfer files using the given GUI in any system, but you might be curious if the terminal has a command that allows you to move files to different directories swiftly. The mv ... Read more
You can use the following script to create a directory like /home/user in a Bash script only if it does not already exist. This script checks if the directory exists, and if not, it creates it: #!/bin/bash # Define the directory path DIR="/home/user" # Check if the directory does not exist if [ ! -d ... Read more
You need root privileges to empty the root user's crontab on Linux. You can achieve this by either logging in as the root user or using `sudo` if your user has sudo privileges. The crontab can be emptied (i.e., all cron jobs for the root user can be deleted) by running the following command: sudo ... Read more
Windows users are used to being able to create shortcuts to have fast access to their files and folders easily. This is especially useful when these are buried deep in their filesystem. This feature isn't as obvious on most Linux systems as it is on Windows. In this guide, I'll show you how to create ... Read more